![]() ![]() This requires, however, that the divergence among hosts and parasites approximates to the same timescale. schaeffi, which infests chimpanzees, one might assume that human and chimp lice have cospeciated with their hosts as family heirlooms ever since they diverged from a common ancestor. Given that the closest relative of the human head and body louse, Pediculus humanus, is P. Lice and nits have been found in textiles, hair and combs excavated from archaeological sites. The primary reservoirs of the Ebola filovirus, the SARS coronavirus and the Nipah paramyxovirus, however, seem to be in fruit bats (flying foxes). The market for 'bushmeat' has led to Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa from butchering primates, and to the SARS outbreak in China from eating small carnivores, such as civet cats. Today's novel viral infections are more likely to originate from exotic species than from animals that were domesticated long ago. The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 came from birds, and the 1968 influenza strain could be an avian-porcine recombinant. These new acquisitions originate from evolutionarily distant host species. Most human pandemic infections were acquired horizontally very recently on the evolutionary timescale, even though diseases such as typhus, measles and smallpox first occurred in prehistoric times. Thus a shared habitat, rather than a shared ancestry, is important for the acquisition of many infections. When we domesticated ruminants, and animals such as dogs, cats and rats 'domesticated' us for the rich pickings around human habitation, we acquired many infections from our new neighbors. Further opportunities for horizontal crossover of microbes and parasites from animals to humans arose when humans spread out of Africa. Ashford argues that the great apes became more specialized forest dwellers at the same time that early hominids explored the savannah, and that human gut parasites resemble those of omnivorous baboons more than those of chimps because humans, like baboons but unlike chimps, are omnivorous. Human DNA might show 98% similarity to that of chimps, but we share less than 50% of our microbes and parasites with them. ![]() The majority of zoonoses, however, remain in their animal reservoirs and, so far as their sojourn in humans goes – even with limited human-to-human transfer (as with Ebola or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)) – we can regard them as 'temporary exhibits'. They have diverged from their progenitors in the original host: for example, measles is now distinct from rindepest. The new acquisitions were initially derived from zoonotic infections but have flourished as self-sustaining infections in the human population. Writing on infections of humankind, Tony McMichael and I have called those that cospeciated with their hosts 'family heirlooms' and those that crossed over from other hosts in recent evolutionary time 'new acquisitions'. I shall examine this unfolding story in the context of what we know about microbial infections, and will look at the promiscuity of viruses through the lens of modern molecular technology and I will add my own speculation on why naked apes have pubic hair. It is a tale of infidelity that I shall begin with the recent research on lice of David Reed and colleagues and of Mark Stoneking's group who, on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, have speculated that we may have acquired a clade of head lice from another hominid species and pubic lice from gorillas they have also suggested that lice might help determine the date when humans adopted clothing. Here, I discuss how we may in the course of prehistory have acquired the lice, and how other infections may, like the typhus bacillus, come to be shared by us and the animal species with which we are in close contact. Written in 1934 and subtitled The biography of a bacillus, it tells the tale of that dreaded disease typhus, its reservoir in rats and its transmission among humans by lice. Hans Zinsser's Rats, Lice and History is a classic in microbiology. ![]()
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![]() ![]() 140 overall), becoming the fourth Wake Forest offensive lineman drafted by Green Bay and the first since Harris (ninth round, No. 8): Took over for Nijman at RT for the fifth offensive series and played the final 36 snaps… 2022 Draft: Selected by the Packers with the second of two picks in the fourth round (No. Played the next 48 offensive snaps at RT before moving to LT for the final seven snaps in place of Bakhtiari with the Packers holding a 41-10 lead… Vs. 1): Appeared on 55 of 63 snaps on offense, taking over at RT for Yosh Nijman after eight snaps. 25): Started at LT for the third straight game in place of Bakhtiari (abdomen) and appeared on all 66 snaps, helping to protect Rodgers as he threw for 238 yards and a TD on 24-of-38 passing… Vs. ![]() ![]() 19): Started at LT in place of Bakhtiari (abdomen) and played all 71 snaps as the offense posted season highs in first downs (27) and time of possession (37:19)… At Miami (Dec. Was part of a line that did not allow a sack of QB Aaron Rodgers and cleared the way for the team's 175 rushing yards and two TDs on 32 carries (5.5 avg.)… Vs. 4): Started at LT in place of Bakhtiari (illness) and played all 66 snaps. 6): Played 45 snaps, taking over at right guard for an injured Runyan (knee) for 13 snaps in the first half and then at LT for an injured Bakhtiari (knee) for the entire second half outside of the final drive (32 snaps)… At Chicago (Dec. Played all 66 snaps as the Packers racked up a season-high 208 yards rushing on 31 carries (6.7 avg.)… At Detroit (Nov. 30): Started for the second straight week, this time opening at LG for the first time in his NFL career in place of an injured Elgton Jenkins (foot). Appeared on all 54 snaps as part of a line that did not allow a sack on the afternoon… At Buffalo (Oct. 23): Made his first NFL start, opening at LT in place of an injured Bakhtiari (knee), becoming the first Green Bay rookie to start a game at LT since Bakhtiari in 2013. 11): Took over at LG early in the third quarter for an injured Jon Runyan (concussion) and played the final 30 snaps of the game in his NFL debut… At Washington (Oct. 2022 SEASON: Appeared in nine games with five starts (four at LT, one at LG)…Dressed, but did not play in the other eight contests (Weeks 2-6, 10-12). ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Research indicates that the majority of patients enjoy using the iPad, helping them endure treatments and providing a form of relaxation and distraction. iPads or tablet computers are being provided in hospitals to help patients access cancer treatment and support services, assist them in communicating with staff using video-calling software, connect with family and friends outside of the hospital, and access entertainment. Beyond the more familiar telemedicine tools for professional-patient communication, other computer-mediated technologies have been evaluated for their ability to reduce social isolation, enhance relationships, or support people facing illness or disability. The use of technology is increasingly common in hospital settings. Providing the means, through communication technology, for patients to maintain contact with friends and family can potentially improve well-being at the end of life by minimizing social isolation and facilitating social connection. Confinement to an in-patient hospital ward can impair a person’s sense of social support and connectedness, especially when loved ones are far away or mobility or economics prevents visiting. Maintaining relationships and open communication with family and friends can bolster patients’ sense of well-being. The support of loved ones helps buffer some of the effects of a terminal illness, minimizes despair and improves psycho-spiritual well-being. High-quality palliative care includes attending to a patient’s important relationships. Patients and families need to be provided appropriate technical support to ensure that the technology is used optimally to help them accomplish their goals. This study confirmed the feasibility of offering internet-based communication and information technologies on palliative care in-patient units. Health care providers identified that computer technology helped patients and families keep others informed about the patient’s condition, enabled sharing of important decisions and facilitated access to the outside world. The availability of competent, respectful, and caring technical support personnel was highly valued by patients and families. Most participants found the technology easy to use and reported that it helped them feel better overall, connected to others and calm. Palliative patients and family members used the technology to keep in touch with family and friends, entertain themselves, look up information, or accomplish tasks. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests were used to analyze quantitative data qualitative data were analyzed using constant comparative techniques. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from patients, families, and health care providers to discern how patients and families used the technology, its ease of use and its impact. An iPad or a laptop computer with password-protected internet access was loaned to each patient and family member for about two weeks or they used their own electronic devices for the duration of the patient’s stay. Participants included 13 palliative in-patients, 38 family members, and 14 health care providers. MethodsĪ cross-sectional survey design was used to describe patient and family member experiences in using internet-based communication technology and health care provider views of using such technology in palliative care. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of introducing internet-based communication and information technologies for in-patients and their families and to describe their experience in using this technology. Confinement to an in-patient hospital ward impairs patients’ sense of social support and connectedness. ![]() ![]() ![]() ReadOnlySetPropertyBase addListener(ChangeListener>) - Method in class. SetBinding addListener(ChangeListener>) - Method in class. ReadOnlyMapPropertyBase addListener(ChangeListener>) - Method in class. MapPropertyBase addListener(ChangeListener>) - Method in class. MapBinding addListener(ChangeListener>) - Method in class. ReadOnlyListPropertyBase addListener(ChangeListener>) - Method in class. 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MapBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. LongBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. ListBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. IntegerBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. FloatBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. ![]() DoubleBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. BooleanBinding addListener(InvalidationListener) - Method in class. Adds highlight for composed text from Input Method. ![]() ![]() If you start to feel landlocked, head to Jack’s Bait and Tackle (551 City Island Ave.), where a four-person motorboat rents for about $70 per day on the weekend. Stop to marvel at Grace Episcopal Church (116 City Island Ave.), constructed in the 1860s by island shipyard carpenters who styled the rafters like a ship’s hull, Pelham Cemetery (King Avenue), with its views of Hart Island and graves dating to the Revolutionary War, and Ambrosini Field (City Island Avenue near Winter Street), a playground where the equipment is ship-shaped. Then stroll down City Island Avenue, where alongside the restaurants sit art galleries, gift shops and antique stores, including Trader John’s (246 City Island Ave.). “That helped pay the heat one winter,” quipped Dolensek, who is vice president of the island’s Historical Society, which runs the free museum.Ĭheck out the museum's shipbuilders’ tools, model minesweeper, the naval warship designed and built on the island during WWII, and Revolutionary War cannon ball unearthed in nearby Pelham Bay Park. If you find a free moment between all those meals, you can explore the fully walkable island.Ī great place to start is the Nautical Museum (190 Fordham St.), housed in a historic schoolhouse built in 1897, which recently served as a set for the show “ Boardwalk Empire.” No summer excursion to the island is complete without a stop at Lickety Split (295 City Island Ave.), a cheerful ice-cream cottage that scoops out cake-flavored “Birthday Bash,” coffee-and-fudge “Bittersweet Sinphony” and ever-popular “Red Velvet.” In the upper half, among others, there are the Lobster House (691 Bridge Street), whose giant neon crustacean sign sadly toppled during Sandy, Crab Shanty (361 City Island Ave.), with its famous garlic bread, and Seashore Restaurant and Marina (591 City Island Ave.), with its popular clam chowder and waterfront views.Īt the other end are Sammy’s Shrimp Box (64 City Island Ave.) and Fish Box (41 City Island Ave.), the latter a lively 500-seater, Tony’s Pier (1 City Island Ave.), which caught fire during Sandy but promises to reopen before the end of 2013, and Johnny's Reef (2 City Island Ave.), which offers fried seafood, frozen drinks and a sweeping vista of the Long Island Sound.įor more turf options, try Artie’s (394 City Island Ave.), whose logo of a cow and lobster jumping over the moon hints at its menu options, Bistro SK (273 City Island Ave.), which claims to be the Bronx’s only French restaurant, and the Black Whale (279 City Island Ave.), a local favorite with brunch, pasta and backyard seating. For that, head to the island’s north or south ends. There are at least 30 places to find food along the central strip, City Island Avenue, estimates Dolensek - “everything from white tablecloth to fried fish.” “Now it’s pretty much a restaurant island.” ![]() “Everywhere you used to see boat yards,” said John Persteins, owner of the nautical curio store, Trader John’s. ![]() If City Island was once renowned for shipbuilding, it’s now known for something else entirely. Some 4,500 people live on the island, but it’s visitors’ cars that line the main drag on warm weekend evenings - crawling past the town’s single gas station, school and bank - to reach those famed eateries.īut no worries - most clam diggers (City Island old-timers) welcome mussel suckers (that would be you). ![]() ![]() ![]() Failure to do so may void the manufacturer warranty. Improper assembly of your bicycle may lead to premature wear or failure of individual components. IMPORTANT: To ensure that every component on your bicycle is working properly, PlanetBMX recommends that all Redline BMX bicycles be assembled by a qualified bicycle mechanic. The Proline has most of the same features as the Felt. But to be honest, the Felt is more in line with the Redline Proline 24, not the MX24. You will just have to read the specs for every bike you want to consider. Felt has chro-mo bars, Redline has hi-ten bars. To keep warranty valid, this bike must be assembled by a professional bike mechanic. Felt has 100 chro-mo fork, the Redline is just a chro-mo steer tube w/ hi-ten legs. This bike will come to your door 85% assembled already. 2010 Redline MX-24 Redlines entry level Pro Cruiser. If you are an overseas customer, and you pay for a Redline Bike order, your order WILL be canceled, and your funds will be immediately returned. While our website will allow you to add this bike to your shopping cart, we CANNOT process any Redline bike orders leaving the USA. If you are outside the USA, you MUST go through an authorized Redline bike shop in your country. Canada, Alaska and Hawaii residents- PLEASE contact us for a shipping quote, as we will need your complete address in order to calculate correct UPS shipping! PLEASE NOTE: We can ONLY ship Redline complete bikes to USA addresses in the lower 48 States for free shipping. Ready to snap the gate for the first time Returning to the sport Made with an aluminum frame and integrated head tube, the Redline MX 24 is lightweight. HANDLEBARS: RL Race, 5.5" Rise/ 12 deg Back/ 1 deg Up.FRAME: 6066 Alloy w/Integrated Headtube. ![]() The Redline MX24 is top of class for value and quality, and best of all, it’s race-ready out of the box. The MX24 features a high-quality 3-piece crank set, integrated headset, Pivotal Race saddle, and 24 inch wheels. Manufacturers reserve the right to make changes and/or substitutions due to parts availability, production requirements and ongoing development decisions. If you can ADD TO CART, the item is IN STOCK. Ready to snap the gate for the first time? Returning to the sport? Made with an aluminum frame and integrated head tube, the Redline MX24 is lightweight and easy to maneuver. With quality full CroMo frame and fork blended with solid parts including Redline Flight cranks, you can re-live the best parts of your youth and share the love. Buy Redline 2017 MX 24 Bike-Black at J&R Bicycles. ![]() ![]() ![]() I love getting my stuff fast, though I am also among the most patient backers when it comes to projects that suffer through a lot of delays. I love it when rewards are shipped in backer order (more or less) many campaigns that involve customization like Dave Howell’s PennyGems and Ultimate Gamer’s Storage Bags, Bibelot Games’ Reliquary Collection, and Charlie Brumfield’s Artisan Dice do this. This doesn’t always happen, but I’ll admit, I’m a full-on member of the Cult of the New, and not just in the tabletop games category (see 3Doodler I got mine in October, and also, Nock pen cases, where I got my reward almost immediately). My review remains one of my most-thumbed contributions on BoardGameGeek probably because many backers checked it out from the campaign home page, and it’s led to other designers asking me to do reviews of their new games.ģ. Similarly, I really enjoyed being in very early on Ground Floor I made a PnP of the game, we played it, and I wrote a review all in the first days of the campaign, and I know TMG appreciated that additional boost. I backed immediately, talked it up in my circle, and along with the other early-bird backers, we fanned the flames of a project that turned into a roaring success (over 7800% funded with a $30,000 goal). I was an early bird for Euphoria, but that really was a zero-risk thing. :-) A better example was my early-bird pledge for the 3Doodler, an unproven but very cool looking 3-D printer in the form of a handheld pen about as big as a soldering iron. The credibility that comes from finding a project early and talking it up in the community can’t be underestimated. ![]() For what it’s worth, I think project creators earn the early-bird level’s discount money back from me in the promotion that I do for them and their project throughout the campaign on Kickstarter itself and in my personal contacts at the FLGS, at our weekly game nights, and sometimes on Twitter.Ģ. Correctly-planned early-bird discount levels are all taken in one to twenty-four hours and get the project to between 33 and 50% of the required funding, and I consider a project “at risk” if the early-bird spots are not all gone within 48 hours. I often grab an early-bird spot as soon as I realize I’m interested in a new project, BEFORE I’ve even read the description (chances are great I’ll never watch the video). I do love early bird levels that offer a few dollars off… it’s a little tip of the hat from the project creator to those folks who take the biggest risk, backing a project when its value has not been fully examined and the community buzz has yet to be built. week I’ve backed twelve projects, half at an early-bird level, and half from the tabletop games category.ġ. I make my living as a Documentation Manager and I love to edit/proofread rules and game materials. My image has also been incorporated into four games’ art… it’s a weird form of vanity, but I get a kick out of it. Between our three KS accounts, we’ve backed over 350 projects in two years, with about 225 games or game accessories so far. I live in Bellevue, WA, where my husband and I have built a 900+ board game collection over the past eight years. I wanted to see what the average Kickstarter backer thinks about this subject, so that’s the topic for this week’s Kickstarter Face-Off. One of the ongoing debates about Kickstarter is the use of early-bird reward levels to get some forward momentum on a project right after it launches. ![]() ![]() ![]() Therefore, protecting yourself from unnecessary shocks is as crucial as safeguarding others. Yet, this power can also be a double-edged sword, affecting you as much as those around you. Simply stepping into a room changes its emotional energy, a testament to your impact on others. You choose not to broadcast your feelings, but rather to invoke emotions in those around you. ![]() Your emotional resilience allows you to influence and navigate others’ emotions with a finesse and composure that’s impressive, if not slightly intimidating.ĭespite this ability, you maintain an air of mystery, holding back the full strength of your emotional power. Despite these emotional whirlwinds, you possess a remarkable capacity to control your feelings. Your involvement in romantic pursuits often triggers an inevitable crisis, especially when jealousy rears its head. These potent traits make you irresistible, but they can also lead you into a labyrinth of overwhelming desires. Temptation, attractiveness, magnetism, and seduction are threads woven through the fabric of your existence. Over time, you will attain prosperity, happiness, and a long life wrapped in the warm embrace of comfort and tranquility. In your early years, you may face hurdles and adversities, but these trials serve to forge your character. These characteristics pave your way towards spiritual domains such as religion, healing, philosophy, and even the mystic arts. You have a penchant for solitude and silence, which opens doors to introspection. Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sept | Oct | Nov | DecĪs a Libra born on October 22, you are the embodiment of calmness and tranquility. You’re not just living a life you’re crafting a narrative of influence and impact, guided by a sense of destiny. Thus, your life as a Libra born on October 22 is a fascinating blend of personal charm, intellectual prowess, solitude-inspired reflection, and an ambitious desire to make a difference. You’re not satisfied with the status quo you’re motivated to create change, drive progress, and build a legacy that lasts beyond your lifetime. Your journey isn’t about merely living it’s about influencing, inspiring, and leaving a mark on the world. It gives you the courage to take on challenges, push boundaries, and continuously strive for excellence. This unshakeable belief acts as your compass, guiding your actions and decisions. This isn’t driven by a quest for fame or recognition, but a deep-seated belief that you are destined to make a significant difference. You carry within you a burning desire to leave a lasting impact on the world. This powerful combination of sociability and introspection also fosters a strong ambition within you. This solitude allows you to introspect, gather your thoughts, and continuously evolve as an individual. You’re a natural loner who appreciates moments of solitude, not out of a desire for isolation, but rather a need to rejuvenate and reflect. However, despite this social magnetism, you also value your privacy immensely. You’re as skilled at analytical thinking as you are at creative endeavors, making you a versatile and captivating individual. This allure, however, isn’t shallow or superficial it’s complemented by a powerful intellect and a wide range of talents that span various domains. You effortlessly command attention with your personal charm and charisma. Embrace your emotional power, value balance, and enjoy life’s tranquility for growth and fulfilment.”įor People born on October 22 the Zodiac sign is Libra.Īs a Libra born on October 22, you are a rare blend of qualities that sets you apart from others. “As a Libra born on Oct 22nd, you’re a serene and magnetic individual. ![]() ![]() Washington was the only unseeded team in collegiate gymnastics to earn a spot at the regional finals, ousting No. Oppegard and Tubbs made their impact on the uneven bars, with Oppegard earning a high of 9.875 and Tubbs a 9.950 – the highest bars score by a GymDawg that season.Ģ023 marked the first time the GymDawgs made their way to the NCAA Regional Finals since the 2018 season. Innes stayed active in the vault and floor lineups, setting a career-high 9.850 on vault and a 9.925 on floor.Īlong with Innes, Nguyen was a floor performer in all but two lineups, earning a career-high 9.9. ![]() Sophomores Emily Innes, Thu Nguyen, Olivia Oppegard and Lilly Tubbs all made their way into lineups during their rookie season. Navarro, who competed in every vault, beam and floor lineup in 2023, also boasts a 9.9 beam career-high and a 9.9 on floor – the latter of which she achieved twice last year. Moody, who appeared in all but one lineup on both bars and beam, notched a career-high 9.9 on beam against Arizona. Juniors Deiah Moody and Lana Navarro look to build on their sophomore year success. Washington also will feature an array of returners who made significant impacts on the team's success last season. Russon was a consistent bars competitor last season, notching a 9.8 or higher in 10 different appearances. Killough-Wilhelm was Washington's only all-around competitor during her junior campaign in 2023 – when she tied her career-high all-around score of 39.550. The NCAA National Championships will be held at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas from Wednesday, April 17 to Sunday, April 21. The NCAA Regional Championships will run Wednesday, April 3 through Sunday, April 7 at four locations - Ann Arbor, Michigan Berkeley, California Fayetteville, Arkansas and Gainesville, Florida. The 2024 Pac-12 Championships will be held in Salt Lake City, Utah on Saturday, March 23 and be televised nationally on Pac-12 Networks. Washington's final home meet of the 2024 season will be a quad with BYU, Southern Utah and Sacramento State on Friday, March 15. ![]() Season and single meet tickets will be available later this week.Īll three conference dual meets will be broadcast on Pac-12 Networks. Washington will host four meets at Alaska Airlines Arena this season, including Pac-12 opponents Cal on Saturday, Jan. Purple & Gold will be the first chance for fans to see the six new faces on Washington's squad – junior transfer Emily Pires and freshmen Kira Bolden, McKenna Carnesi, Chelsea Hallinan, Kristin Lin and Mary McDonough. The GymDawgs will host their preseason Purple & Gold Showcase on Wednesday, Dec. 5, where they will meet Denver, Illinois and San Jose State. The 2024 season will once again begin in Las Vegas for the GymDawgs at the Super 16 on Friday, Jan. SEATTLE – The Washington gymnastics team has announced its 2024 meet schedule, which will kick off on Jan. ![]() ![]() I don’t care if anyone else drinks, even if they have a problem. The amount of people that have felt the need to rationalize their drinking to me over the years is astounding. Second, I think often they feel judged, like I think everyone has a problem. “First, they feel like they could be making me uncomfortable, which I understand for a newer person in recovery, but I’ve been sober since 2005, so it’s not an issue for me. “I think that drinkers often are uncomfortable about me not drinking for multiple reasons,” said Mason. ![]() The fact is that, in a group that’s drinking, the non-drinker can feel ill at ease, and can make others in the group feel self-conscious about their own drinking. Hidden within social norms and the realities of group interactions, though, there’s a real benefit to non-alcoholic beers that lies beyond these use cases. “They have a small amount of alcohol content and can be triggering for people that aren’t as stable in their recovery.” “I actually think that for most people in recovery, it’s a bad idea to drink them,” said Justin Mason, a fantasy baseball writer and podcaster as well as a sobriety consultant with 15 years of experience. And those who are trying to quit substances completely might find NA beers a bridge from past behaviors to newer, healthier ones - though for some in that situation, that doesn’t come without pitfalls. For those who made a New Year’s resolution to lose weight, swapping some regular beers for NA beers is a great way to reduce calories, since alcohol content is the main driver of caloric values in drinks like these. There’s the obvious appeal to the designated driver. The hallmark should be, is it a decent beer? Not a decent NA beer.”īut the incentives are there for brewers to keep trying, and improving. “It’s mimicry, it’s Beyond Beef for booze. “You’re trying to get something that tastes like something that it’s not,” said Bendily. The main problem, generally, is that brewers are attempting to mimic something that people love in its current form. That’s a lot of extra work, but at least the sector seems to be growing. “That means adding cleaning cycles, more acids to clean with, and even changing out gaskets, any parts that are not steel between NA and regular runs.” “Because you are producing sugar water, your everyday yeast you use is a potential contaminant,” pointed out Bendily. This also leads to issues in the brewery, because they must keep the NA systems separate from beers with alcohol. “That’s how you get the stewed and cooked flavors.” “You can’t really be sure without pasteurization, which is a function of time and temperature,” said Bendily. Filtering the alcohol out, described by Tweet as the ‘golden goose’ of figuring out the style, requires expensive machinery, and even that machinery still - at least currently - involves heating the beer. Other Half tests any non-alcoholic beverages they ship along their distribution pathways as if it was still fermenting to try and avoid contaminants, but not every brewery has that ability. ![]() It’s also possible to get a NA beer by diluting a low-ABV beer, but that still leaves the problem of trying to can something that could turn bad at some point. Most often, that means boiling the beer at some point. “This isn’t something to take lightly as you are now in the world of food-borne illness.” ![]() “Unfermented maltose with no present alcohol can create a breeding ground for bacteria and contaminants,” says Tweet. The main problem from a brewer’s perspective is that, without alcohol to kill any potential contaminants, the beer needs to be pasteurized. It’s a tough thing to do, for a few reasons. “It’s never going to be a beer, let alone a beer as good as its style predicates.” “Making an NA beer usually feels like trying to make a silk purse from a sow’s ear,” Tweet added later. “All of them underwhelm me,” said Alex Tweet, head brewer at Fieldwork Brewing in Northern California. “I have yet to meet someone doing NA work that said, ‘yep, nailed it,'” laughed Bobby Bendily, the head brewer at the Philadelphia outpost of Other Half brewing. But while the demand is there, and options are increasing in stadiums across sports, the reality is that the product hasn’t quite caught up. ![]() |
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